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The Role of Dietary Fats in Efficiency of Ruminants^1,2,

Department of Dairy Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691

Fat increases energetic efficiency in lactating cows by increasing total energy intake, by generating ATP more efficiently (ATP/unit energy expended) than volatile fatty acids or protein, by direct incorporation into product, and by promoting nutrient partition toward milk production. Factors that limit utilization of large amounts of fat by ruminants include inhibitory effects on ruminal fermentation, lower intestinal absorption at high intake, low contribution to total oxidation of nutrients, and sensitivity to nutrient imbalance, causing reduced energy intake. Research has resolved many problems associated with effects on ruminal fermentation; research in the future may improve fat digestibility and reduce limits of oxidation. Effect of high fat on regulation of feed intake has received little attention.

KEY WORDS: • lactation • ruminants • fat • metabolism • efficiency

¹ Salaries and research support provided by state and federal funds appropriate to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Manuscript No. 97-93.

² Presented as part of the 34th Annual Ruminant Nutrition Conference: Regulating Lipid Metabolism to Increase Productive Efficiency, given at the 78th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, New Orleans, LA, March 28, 1993. This conference was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition and was supported by grants from Agway Inc.; Cargill, Nutrena Feed Division; Carolina By-Products, Inc.; Church & Dwight Co. Inc.; Farmland Industries, Inc.; Hoffman La Roche, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company, Inc.; Merck, Inc.; Purina Mills Inc.; Rhone-Poulenc Animal Nutrition; SmithKline Beecham Animal Health; Syntex Research; and The Upjohn Company. Guest editor for this symposium was Carl L. Davis, professor emeritus, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.

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