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Cholecystokinin and Control of Food Intake^1,2,

Veterans Administration Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105 and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178

Two mechanisms have been suggested for the inhibitory effect of cholecystokinin on food intake: a central action of brain cholecystokinin on the brain feeding system, and a peripheral, presumably hormonal, action of gut cholecystokinin mediated by abdominal vagal afferent nerves. Existing evidence suggests that 1) endogenous cholecystokinin contributes to the production of satiety, 2) this satiety effect is primarily mediated by the type A receptor subtype, which is predominantly located in the periphery, but also found in discrete regions of the central nervous system, 3) post-prandial increases in circulating cholecystokinin are neither sufficient nor necessary for normal satiety to occur, and 4) activation of abdominal vagal afferent neurons is not the only means by which endogenous cholecystokinin produces satiety. It remains to be determined whether endogenous cholecystokinin acts centrally and (or) peripherally by endocrine, paracrine, or neurocrine mechanisms to produce satiety. Peripheral actions of cholecystokinin that may contribute directly or indirectly to the production of satiety include inhibition of gastric emptying, activation of visceral sensory nerves, stimulation of the exocrine pancreas and gallbladder to facilitate digestion and absorption of ingested nutrients, and stimulation of insulin secretion.

KEY WORDS: • satiety • endocrine • paracrine • cholecystokinin • neurocrine

¹ This work was supported by the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

² Presented as part of the symposium "New Research in the Physiology of Cholecystokinin: Nutrition Issues" given at Experimental Biology '93 meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 28–April 1, 1993. This symposium was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Guest editor for this symposium was Dexter Louie, Department of Nutrition, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.

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