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Glutamine Supplementation to Total Parenteral Nutrition Promotes Extracellular Fluid Expansion in Piglets^1,2,3,

James D. House^*,, Paul B. Pencharz^*,, and Ronald O. Ball^*,,4

^* Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8 the Departments of Paediatrics and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1

The effect of glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition was studied in 18 neonatal piglets (1.97 kg, 3 d old) for 8 d. They were grouped as follows: total parenteral nutrition with 0 (controls), 5 or 10 g glutamine/100 g total amino acids. Live weight gain (g/d) tended (P < 0.07) to increase with supplementation (129, 143, and 166 [SD = 20] for control, 5% and 10% glutamine), but there was no effect on total gain (g) in body protein (180, 171, 197; SD = 25), fat (135, 126, 143; SD = 33) or ash (13, 13, 16; SD = 5) for control, 5% and 10% glutamine groups, respectively. Total body water gains were significantly higher in the 10% group than in controls, with the 5% group showing intermediate gains (control = 696 g; 5% glutamine = 822 g, 10% glutamine = 970 g, SD = 119). Increased glutamine supplementation was accompanied by a trend (P < 0.08) toward increasing total body chloride space, an indicator of extracellular volume, explaining, in part, the observed differences in water gains. These results indicate that glutamine may not be a conditionally indispensable amino acid for the neonate on total parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, glutamine supplementation to total parenteral nutrition leads to disturbances in water balance that could cause increased accumulation, particularly in the extracellular space.

KEY WORDS: • glutamine • nitrogen balance • parenteral nutrition • piglets • body composition

¹ Supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and by the Medical Research Council (grant #MT5466). Mr. House was the recipient of an Ontario Graduate Scholarship.

² Results presented in part at the Experimental Biology 93 meetings, New Orleans, LA [House, J. D., Pencharz, P. B. & Ball, R. O. (1993) The effect of glutamine in total parenteral nutrition on growth and body composition of piglets. FASEB J. 7: 2079 (abs).].

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.

Manuscript received 9 July 1993. Revision accepted 21 October 1993.

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