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Intake of 25 g of Soybean Protein with or without Soybean Fiber Alters Plasma Lipids in Men with Elevated Cholesterol Concentrations^1,2,

Raga M. Bakhit^*, Barbara P. Klein^*,, Diane Essex-Sorlie, Joan O. Ham, John W. Erdman, Jr.^*,, and Susan M. Potter^*,,,3

^* Division of Foods and Nutrition Division of Nutritional Sciences College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801

Twenty-one mildly hypercholesterolemic men consumed a diet that was low in fat (<30% of energy) and cholesterol (300 mg/d) and were given muffins containing 25 g protein + 20 g dietary fiber daily from either isolated soybean protein + soybean cotyledon fiber, isolated soybean protein + cellulose, casein + soybean cotyledon fiber or casein + cellulose. All subjects progressed through the low fat, low cholesterol baseline period, lasting 2 wk, and then through all four dietary treatments, lasting 4 wk each, according to a Latin square design. Plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL and VLDL cholesterol, total and VLDL triacylglycerols, and apolipoprotein A-I and B were measured at the end of each period. When data from all subjects were analyzed, dietary treatments did not influence lipemia; however, in subjects with initial total cholesterol concentrations >5.7 mmol/L, both isolated soybean protein treatments resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol compared with the two casein treatments (P < 0.05). In addition, a negative linear relationship was observed when a subject's total or LDL cholesterol change after each of the soybean treatments was regressed against the subject's baseline cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05). Apolipoprotein A-I varied dependent on baseline cholesterol with no apparent pattern, whereas apolipoprotein B levels were not affected. Results indicate that consumption of 25 g soybean protein/d is associated with lower total cholesterol concentrations in individuals with initial cholesterol concentrations >5.7 mmol/L.

KEY WORDS: • soybeans • soybean protein • soy fiber • cholesterol • humans

¹ Funded by the United Soybean Board, Illinois Soybean Program Operating Board and Protein Technologies International.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 26 April 1993. Revision accepted 20 September 1993.

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