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Dietary Grape Seed Tannins Affect Lipoproteins, Lipoprotein Lipases and Tissue Lipids in Rats Fed Hypercholesterolemic Diets^1,2,3,

Unité de Nutrition, Laboratoire de Génie Biologique et Science des Aliments, Département Agroressources et Procédés Biologiques Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cédex 05, France

The effects of monomeric and polymeric grape seed tannins on rat plasma lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase and aortic and hepatic lipid concentration were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a normal diet (with no added cholesterol and no tannins), a control diet (hyper-cholesterolemic diet) or hypercholesterolemic diets supplemented with 2% tannin monomers or 2% polymers 3 or 9 wk. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL concentrations were significantly higher and the HDL cholesterol concentration lower in controls and in rats fed the diet supplemented with monomers compared with rats fed polymeric tannins at both time points. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were significantly higher in control and in monomer-fed groups than in the polymer-fed group. Hepatic and aortic cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher in control rats and those fed monomers than in the polymer-fed group. Moreover, plasma HDL cholesterol and hepatic lipase activity were closely associated with low aortic cholesterol and triacylglycerol in rats fed polymeric tannins. These rats also exhibited greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and especially bile acids than the control or monomer-fed groups. Thus dietary grape seed tannins have a pronounced anti-hypercholesterolemic effect by enhancing reverse cholesterol transport and also by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption and increasing bile acid excretion.

KEY WORDS: • grape seed tannins • lipoprotein lipases • rats • lipoproteins • bile acids

¹ Part of this study was previously reported [Tebib, K., Bitri, L., Besançon, P. & Rouanet, J. M. (1994). Polymeric grape seed tannins prevent plasma cholesterol changes in high cholesterol fed rats. Food Chem. 49: 403–405.]

² Partly supported by a financial aid from the Languedoc-Roussillon Regional Council.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 23 November 1993. Revision accepted 20 May 1994.