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Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Independently Modulate Disaccharidase Activities in Rat Jejunum^1,2,

School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422, Japan

The role of carbohydrate and fat in diet-induced modifications of jejunal disaccharidase activities was evaluated with an isoenergic diet containing a nonmetabolizable sugar, -methylglucoside. Rats previously fed a high fat, low starch diet or a high starch low fat diet were force-fed three times over 12 h isoenergic high fat diets with or without -methylglucoside, or a low fat diet containing -methylglucoside. Regardless of the previous diet fed, force-feeding the high fat, -methylglucoside diet produced significantly greater sucrase and lactase activities in the upper jejunum than force-feeding the high fat diet without -methylglucoside; comparable or only slightly greater sucrase and lactase activities were seen in the lower jejunum. The animals fed the low fat, -methylglucoside diet exhibited significantly greater sucrase and lactase activities in the lower jejunum than did the rats fed the high fat, -methylglucoside diet; a less marked difference (<30%) was observed between these two groups for disaccharidase activities in the upper jejunum. The lower sucrase and lactase activities observed in the jejunum of animals force-fed the high fat diet after consuming the high starch, low fat diet were accompanied by greater trypsin activity in the lumen of the upper and lower jejunum, suggesting that proteolytic degradation of sucrase and lactase might be stimulated in rats fed the high fat diets. These results suggest that both dietary carbohydrate and dietary fat independently and by different mechanisms modulate jejunal disaccharidase activities.

KEY WORDS: • sucrase • lactase • dietary fat • dietary carbohydrate • rats

¹ Supported by a Grant-in-Aid (04770096) for Encouragement of Young Scientists from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 14 April 1993. Revision accepted 18 May 1994.