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Dietary Fat Saturation Affects Apolipoprotein Gene Expression and High Density Lipoprotein Size Distribution in Golden Syrian Hamsters^1,2,3,

Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111

Our purpose was to elucidate the mechanisms whereby diets high in polyunsaturated fat lower plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations compared with diets high in saturated fat. Twenty-four male Golden Syrian hamsters (F1B strain) were fed semipurified diets containing 0.2 g cholesterol + 15 g fat/100 g diet enriched (13 g/100 g) in either coconut oil or soybean oil for 18 wk. Consumption of the soybean oil diet was associated with significantly (P < 0.001) lower mean concentrations of HDL cholesterol (28%), triglycerides (51%) and free fatty acids (51%), as well as a significantly lower proportion of large HDL particles. No effect on plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein or lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities or hepatic or intestinal apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-IV or E mRNA levels were noted. The soybean oil-fed group had significantly lower levels of mRNA (P < 0.05) for hepatic apo A-II (23%) and apo C-III (18%) and significantly higher levels of mRNA for intestinal apo C-II (23%). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids lower triglyceride concentrations in hamsters by decreasing apo C-III gene expression and by increasing apo C-II gene expression. In addition, reduced expression of apo A-II in animals fed the soybean oil diet may contribute to the lower HDL cholesterol concentration and larger proportion of small HDL particles noted.

KEY WORDS: • apolipoproteins • gene expression • dietary fat • hamsters • high density lipoproteins

¹ Presented in part at Experimental Biology 93, March 30, 1993, New Orleans, LA at the AIN/Procter and Gamble Graduate Student Research Awards Competition and published in abstract form [Ahn, Y., Schaefer, E. J. & Ordovas, J. M. (1993) Dietary fat saturation distinctly affects apolipoprotein gene expression and HDL metabolism in two strains of Golden Syrian hamsters. FASEB J. 7: A61 (abs.)].

² Supported by grant HL39326 from the National Institutes of Health and contract 53-3K06-5-10 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ Young-shin Ahn was a doctoral student at Tufts University School of Nutrition.

⁵ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 9 November 1993. Revision accepted 26 May 1994.