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Retinoic Acid Receptor- Gene Expression Is Modulated by Dietary Vitamin A and by Retinoic Acid in Chicken T Lymphocytes^1,2,

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel

The effects of dietary vitamin A and retinoic acid in vitro on the proliferative response and gene expression of retinoic acid receptor- (RAR-) in chicken T lymphocytes were studied. Antigen-specific proliferative responses of T lymphocytes increased with dietary vitamin A intake from 0 to 6.6 mg/kg diet; however, at high dietary vitamin A (13.2 mg/kg diet), the proliferative response declined. RAR- mRNA expression in T lymphocytes peaked in chicks fed low levels of vitamin A (830 and 1500 µg/kg diet) and declined at higher intakes. In vitro effects of retinoic acid on the modulation of RAR- mRNA were studied in stimulated T lymphocytes. Retinoic acid (0.01 µmol/L) increased RAR- mRNA levels within 2 or 16 h of incubation with concanavalin A- or ß-casein-stimulated T cells, respectively. This effect was transient. Expression of RAR- mRNA in concanavalin A-stimulated T lymphocytes was up-regulated by retinoic acid in a dose-dependent manner, and maximal expression occurred in response to 1 µmol/L retinoic acid. The proliferative response of these cells was also modulated by retinoic acid in a dose-dependent manner, and highest effects were observed at 0.01 µmol/L retinoic acid. Our results indicate that RAR- mRNA expression and antigen-specific proliferative responses of T lymphocytes are influenced by vitamin A status in vivo, and directly modulated by retinoic acid.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin A • retinoic acid receptor • retinoic acid • T lymphocytes • chickens

¹ Supported in part by the Israel Poultry Marketing Board and by Schoenbrun Foundation.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 5 January 1994. Revision accepted 18 May 1994.

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