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Quantification of Vitamin C Requirements for Juvenile Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Using Polyphosphorylated L-Ascorbic Acid^1,2,

Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 804, Republic of China

The vitamin C requirements of marine shrimp (Penaeus monodon) for optimal growth were evaluated in a 15-wk feeding trial using polyphosphorylated L-ascorbic acid (C₂PP), a stable derivative of L-ascorbic acid (C₁). Juvenile shrimp (0.55 ± 0.01 g) were fed purified diets containing graded levels (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg diet) of supplemental C₂PP or a high dosage of C₁ (2500 mg/kg diet). Their weight gain, survival, feed efficiency and C₁ storage in hepatopancreas and muscle were used to quantify the requirements. The growth of the shrimp fed the unsupplemented diet was significantly lower than those of the supplemented groups except the 100 mg C₂PP/kg diet group. The C₁ concentrations in muscle and hepatopancreas were greatest in shrimp fed 200 or 400 C₂PP mg/kg diet. The dietary level required for juvenile P. monodon was found to be 209 mg/kg diet, based on the broken-line model analysis of weight gain, and was 220 mg/kg diet and 210 mg/kg diet, based on the analyses of C₁ concentrations of hepatopancreas and muscle, respectively. Shrimp fed unsupplemented diet showed a significantly higher mortality than the supplemented groups. Most of the shrimp in the unsupplemented group that died suffered incomplete molting. No other overt deficiency sign was observed in any group.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin C • L-ascorbic acid • polyphosphorylated ascorbic acid • Penaeus monodon

¹ Supported by a grant (NSC81-0409-B-110-01) from the National Science Council of the Republic of China.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

⁴ Current address: Tungkang Marine Laboratory, Tungkang, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Manuscript received 7 January 1994. Revision accepted 20 April 1994.