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Caffeine, Urinary Calcium, Calcium Metabolism and Bone^1,2,

Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99204-0399 ^* Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SA S7N 0W0, Canada

Oral doses of caffeine increase the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and chloride for at least 3 h after consumption. The hypercalciuric effect can be blocked by adenosine receptor agonists. The effect is proportional to dose per lean body mass and no adaptation to the urinary losses occurs with continuing consumption of caffeine. Uncompensated losses of calcium would be a risk factor for development of osteoporosis. Risks of osteoporosis due to caffeine consumption are reviewed. Comparison of data from epidemiological surveys and animal and human studies suggests that for younger adult women consuming adequate calcium, moderate caffeine intakes may have little or no deleterious effects. Increased urinary and intestinal losses may be compensated for by increased intestinal calcium absorption. However older women do not seem to compensate adequately to maintain their former calcium balance, especially when calcium intakes are below recommendations.

KEY WORDS: • caffeine • methylxanthine • calcium • bone • urine

¹ Presented as part of the third Annual Workshop of Nutrition and Bone Health Group given at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, October 3, 1992, Minneapolis, MN. Financial support for the workshop was provided by a grant from the National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL. Guest editor for this supplement was L. K. Massey, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Spokane, WA.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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