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Preweaning Diet Affects Bile Lipid Composition and Bile Acid Kinetics in Infant Baboons^1,2,

Department of Physiology and Medicine, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78228-0147 ^* Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78284-7750

We tested, with 14-wk-old baboons before weaning, the hypothesis that bile acid metabolism is differentially affected by breast feeding or by feeding formulas with a high polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio or with a low ratio, similar to that of breast milk. Bile lipid content, bile acid pool size, fractional turnover rate, synthetic rate and conjugate composition were measured in a single bile sample 9 d after an injection on d 1 of a mixture of [¹⁴C]cholic and [¹⁴C]chenodeoxycholic acids and an injection of a mixture of [³H]cholic acid and [³H]chenodeoxycholic acid on d 8. The principal biliary bile acid was chenodeoxycholic acid. The only difference in chenodeoxycholic acid metabolism among the infant diet groups was a lower chenodeoxycholic acid synthetic rate in baboons fed the low polyunsaturated:saturated formula compared with those fed the high polyunsaturated:saturated formula or breast-fed. Cholic acid metabolism was significantly affected by infant diet: breast-fed infants had a smaller cholic acid pool size, lower cholic acid percentage of total bile acids, higher cholic acid glycine:taurine conjugate ratio and larger cholic acid fractional turnover rate than formula-fed animals. The polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio in the formulas did not significantly affect these variables. These results show that differences in bile acid metabolism between breast- and formula-fed infant baboons are limited principally to cholic acid. These differences likely are due to factors other than fatty acid saturation.

KEY WORDS: • baboon • bile acids • breast feeding • dietary fat • thyroid hormones

¹ Supported by grant HD-24308 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ Current address: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 1127 LaBaron Addition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.

⁴ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 19 January 1993. Revision accepted 29 April 1993.