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Development and Validation of a Total Parenteral Nutrition Model in the Neonatal Piglet^{1, 2, 3,}

Linda J. Wykes^*,, Ronald O. Ball^, and Paul B. Pencharz^*,,,4

^* The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Department of Nutritional Sciences Department of Paediatrics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Animal and Poultry Science, The University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

A model was developed for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in neonatal piglets, with ingredients typical of those in clinical use. Our goal was to characterize the model and to compare growth and body composition of TPN-fed piglets with a reference sow-fed group. Forty piglets (1 to 3 d of age) received TPN (1040 kJ·^-1·d^-1, 14.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1 of amino acids, with nonprotein energy supplied equally by glucose and fat) for 8 d. Weight gain, linear growth, serum biochemistry, hematology and body composition were compared with the reference group of 20 sow-raised piglets. Piglets receiving TPN gained 63 ± 12 g·kg^-1·d^-1, less than the mean (79 ± 21 g·kg^-1·d^-1, P < 0.01), but within the range (49–118 g·kg^-1·d^-1), of sow-raised piglets. The TPN-fed piglets used the amino acids in TPN effectively, retaining 80% of infused nitrogen. At postmortem, drymatter analysis of the bodies yielded similar findings in both groups. Wet-tissue protein concentration was lower in TPN-fed animals (12.5 ± 0.8 vs 13.8 ± 1.8 g·100 g body wt) because TPN-fed piglets were more hydrated. Ash concentration was lower in TPN-fed piglets, reflecting limitations in calcium and phosphorus supply.

KEY WORDS: • piglets • model • neonate • parenteral nutrition • amino acids

¹ Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April 1992, Anaheim, CA [Wykes, L. J., Ball, R. O. & Pencharz, P. B. (1992) Evaluation of a neonatal piglet model for total parenteral nutrition. FASEB J. 6: A1089 (abs.)].

² Supported by Medical Research Council of Canada grant #MT5466.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 7 October 1992. Revision accepted 3 March 1993.

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