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Diets Containing Corn Oil, Coconut Oil and Cholesterol Alter Ventricular Hypertrophy, Dilatation and Function in Hearts of Rats Fed Copper-Deficient Diets^1,2,

Department of Human Nutrition and Food Management, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1295

Cardiac hypertrophy and function were evaluated in rats fed diets containing deficient, marginal or adequate levels of copper. The fat concentration of the diets was either 10 g/100 g corn oil, 10 g/100 g coconut oil or 10 g/100 g coconut oil + 1 g/100 g added cholesterol. Left ventricular (LV) wall thickening of hearts in rats fed copper-deficient diets was characterized by greater (P < 0.05) LV free wall width, regardless of dietary fat type, and greater intraventricular septum width in the rats fed corn oil. Rats fed the copper-deficient diet with coconut oil + cholesterol had LV chamber volumes that were twofold larger than those of rats fed the copper-deficient diet with coconut oil or corn oil. Copper deficiency reduced LV chamber volume only in rats fed coconut oil + cholesterol. Cardiac LV end diastolic pressure in rats fed copper-deficient diets was twofold larger than in copper-adequate and copper-marginal groups fed corn oil or coconut oil. Hearts from rats fed the copper-deficient diet with corn oil compared with those from rats fed the copper-deficient diet with coconut oil + cholesterol had greater right ventricular (RV) and LV end diastolic pressures, LV pressures and LV and RV maximal rates of positive pressure development. Our data suggest that cardiac adaptations in rats fed copper-deficient diets are influenced by dietary fat type: 1) hearts of rats fed the copper-deficient diet with corn oil were concentrically hypertrophied, whereas cardiac contractility was maintained in the presence of high preload; 2) preload and contractility in hearts of coconut oil-fed rats was greater than cardiac response to cholesterol addition to the coconut oil diet; 3) hearts in copper-deficient rats fed coconut oil + cholesterol exhibited eccentric hypertrophy and ventricular dysfunction.

KEY WORDS: • copper deficiency • heart enlargement • myocardial contraction • rats • fat saturation

¹ A preliminary report was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April 1992, Anaheim, CA [Jenkins, J. E., Shiry, L. & Medeiros, D. M. (1992) The influence of dietary fat and cholesterol with copper deficiency on cardiac function in rats. FASEB J. 6: A1210 (abs. 1583)].

² Supported by NHLBI grant no. 5 R01 HL34286 and The Ohio State University research grant no. 724412.

³ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at the current address: Ohio University, School of Physical Therapy, 199 Convocation Center, Athens, OH 45701-2979.

Manuscript received 22 June 1992. Revision accepted 4 February 1993.

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