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High Dietary Calcium Level Decreases Colonic Phytate Degradation in Pigs Fed a Rapeseed Diet¹

Ann-Sofie Sandberg², Torben Larsen^* and Brittmarie Sandström

Department of Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, S-402 29 Göteborg, Sweden ^* National Institute of Animal Science, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1958 Fredriksberg C, Denmark

The degradation of phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) in rapeseed meal diet not containing phytase activity was studied in 15 growing ileum-fistulated pigs. Stomach and small intestinal degradation and total gastrointestinal degradation were compared. The effect of addition of calcium carbonate to the rapeseed meal diet at two levels (9.2 and 18.5 g/kg diet) was investigated. A commercial barley-wheat-soybean diet with intrinsic phytase activity was used as reference. Phytate and its hydrolysis products in diets, ileal digesta and feces were determined by HPLC ion-pair chromatography. Hydrolysis of phytate in the stomach and small intestine was 35–45% in pigs fed the rapeseed meal diet independent of calcium addition, and 65% in pigs fed the reference diet. Total gastrointestinal degradation of phytate in pigs fed the rapeseed diet was 97, 77 and 42% (P < 0.001) when calcium intakes were 4.5, 9.9 and 15 g/d, respectively; total gastrointestinal degradation was 72% in pigs fed the reference diet. The intestinal phytate degradation pattern, when rapeseed diet was fed, indicated the activity of an unspecific phosphatase, whereas that of the reference diet indicated intrinsic dietary phytase activity. We conclude that dietary supplementation of calcium carbonate decreases the phytate degradation in the colon of pigs, but not in the stomach and small intestine.

KEY WORDS: • phytate degradation • inositol phosphate • calcium • ileostomy • pigs

¹ Supported by grants from the Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research project no. 599/89 L 135, 50, 0474/91, 911.0656/91 and the Danish Research Academy.

² To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, c/o SIK, Box 5401; S-402 29 Göteborg, Sweden.

Manuscript received 16 April 1992. Revision accepted 30 October 1992.

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