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Overview of Pup in a Cup Model: Hepatic Lipogenesis in Rats Artificially Reared on a High-Carbohydrate Formula^{1, 2,}

Department of Biochemistry and Pew Center for Molecular Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106

The artificial rearing technique allows nutritional investigations to be conducted in rat pups during a critical period that previously has been inaccessible to researchers. The technique will be useful for identifying dietary components contributing to metabolic adaptations in the preweaning period as well as "metabolic imprinting" or permanent metabolic effects in adult rats resulting from early dietary intervention. Artificially reared rat pups fed a formula high in carbohydrate-derived energy in the preweaning period have the following characteristics compared with pups fed a high-fat formula or reared naturally: (i) a higher level of plasma insulin, (ii) an increased hepatic lipogenic capacity and (iii) precocious induction of hepatic malic enzyme. The results also show that early exposure to a high-carbohydrate diet in the preweaning period predisposes the rat to an increased lipogenic capacity in liver and adipose tissues and to the development of obesity later in adult life.

KEY WORDS: • artificial rearing technique • rat pups • milk substitute formulas • hepatic lipogenesis • plasma insulin

¹ Presented as part of a symposium: Animal Models in Neonatal and Infant Nutrition Research, given at the 76th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Anaheim, CA, April 8, 1992. This conference was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition. Guest editors for the symposium were Peggy R. Borum, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, and Mulchand S. Patel, Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.

² The work reviewed in this article was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grants HD 11089 and HD 15778.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4935.

⁴ Supported by the Metabolism Training grant AM 07319.