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Low Dose Fructose Ingestion during Gestation and Lactation Affects Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rat Dams and Their Offspring^1,2,3,

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202

This study examined whether drinking fructose or glucose water with a balanced diet affects pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring. The animals were divided into three groups and drank tap water, 100 g/L fructose water or 100 g/L glucose water. The fructose-fed dams ate significantly more food but drank less water than the glucose-fed group. On d 19 of pregnancy, the fructose-fed dams had significantly heavier livers and significantly higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations than dams consuming tap water. Five days after litters were weaned, dams fed fructose had the heaviest body weights, significantly higher plasma glucose concentration compared with the group receiving tap water and significantly higher plasma triglyceride concentration compared with the glucose-fed group. Weanlings of the fructose-fed dams had significantly lower plasma glucose concentration but a significantly higher plasma insulin concentration than the weanlings of the group receiving tap water. These findings suggest that intake of fructose during gestation can cause hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in dams and, at weaning, greater weight gain in dams and hyperinsulinemia in offspring. These abnormalities in dams and weanlings could be the result of insulin resistance.

KEY WORDS: • rats • fructose • glucose • pregnancy • lactation

¹ Presented in preliminary form at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April 1992, Anaheim, CA [Rawana, S., Clark, K., Buison, A., Chackunkal, S. & Jen, K-L.C. (1992) Effects of fructose ingestion during pregnancy and lactation on the offspring in rats. FASEB J. 6: A1960 (abs.)].

² Supported by grants NIH DK 40046 and GM 08167 to K-L.C. Jen.

³ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 28 October 1992. Initial review completed 18 December 1992. Revision accepted 20 July 1993.