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Carbohydrate Utilization by Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) as Influenced by Different Chromium Sources^{1, 2,}

Department of Marine Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan 202, Republic of China

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of three different forms of chromium (CrCl₃·6H₂O, Na₂CrO₄·4H₂O and Cr₂O₃) on the utilization of two carbohydrates (glucose and cornstarch) by juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus). Average initial body weight of the fish was 1.13 ± 0.02 g. Fish were fed 5% body wt/d. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater body weight gain, food intake, protein retention, energy retention and body lipid concentration were observed in fish fed the starch diet than in those fed the glucose diet. Fish fed the glucose diet supplemented with any type of chromium had significantly greater weight gain than those fed the glucose diet without chromium supplementation. Fish fed the glucose diet supplemented with Cr₂O₃ had greater weight gain, food intake, protein retention, energy retention and body lipid concentration than those fed the unsupplemented glucose diet or the glucose diet supplemented with CrCl₃·6H₂O or Na₂CrO₄·4H₂O. Delayed plasma glucose peak time was observed in tilapia fed the glucose diet supplemented with any type of chromium. Chromium supplementation generally lowered the glucose-6-phosphatase activity in tilapia. Phosphofructokinase activity was significantly higher in fish fed the glucose diet supplemented with Cr₂O₃ than in the other glucose-fed groups. These data suggest that chromium supplementation improved glucose utilization by tilapia and that Cr₂O₃ supplementation was markedly more effective than other chromium forms.

KEY WORDS: • carbohydrate • chromium • fish • tilapia

¹ Supported by a grant from the National Science Council of the Republic of China, grant no. NSC 82-0409-B019-04.

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 8 December 1992. Revision accepted 29 April 1993.