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Dietary Energy Source and Density Modulate the Expression of Immunologic Stress in Chicks¹

Department of Avian Sciences ^* Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616

To determine how dietary energy level and source influence feed intake, growth and energy partitioning during immunologic stress, growing chicks were fed diets based on cornstarch and casein with varying energy densities and injected every other day for 6 d with either saline (control), Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide decreased growth and feed consumption at low energy densities. When the dietary energy density was increased above 13.4 kJ/g using cornstarch, but not corn oil, the growth depressing effect of immunogens was eliminated. Immunologically stressed chicks had a greater proportion of gain in visceral organs and less in the carcass, regardless of the nutrient density of the diet. Immunologic stress decreased intake of metabolizable energy of chicks fed a diet with low nutrient density and increased it for those fed a diet with high nutrient density. Chicks injected with S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide lost more energy as heat than controls when differences in metabolizable energy intakes were accounted for and modified their preference between two diets differing in metabolizable energy density and fat content as a result of the challenge. Control chicks selected between the 11.7 and 14.2 kJ/g diets to obtain an energy density of 13.2 kJ/g compared with 12.5 kJ/g in the S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide-challenged chicks. The S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide-challenged chicks consumed similar amounts of the low energy diet but decreased intake of the high energy diet.

KEY WORDS: • chicks • immunologic stress • lipopolysaccharide • acute phase response • energy metabolism

¹ The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

² Current address: Unitat Docent de Nutrició i Alimentació Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.

³ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 30 November 1992. Revision accepted 4 June 1993.