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Starch Bioavailability in Arepas Made from Ordinary or High Amylose Corn: Concentration and Gastrointestinal Fate of Resistant Starch in Rats^{1, 2,}

Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Chemical Center, University of Lund, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the importance of the amylose/amylopectin ratio for the content and gastrointestinal fate of resistant starch in a realistic composite starchy food. Corn-based breads (arepas) from dent corn (25% amylose) and from high amylose corn (70% amylose) were used as test products. Resistant starch concentration was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using rats treated with an antibiotic drug (Nebacitin) to suppress hindgut fermentation. Experiments in rats with intact hindgut microflora allowed determination of resistant starch fermentability. The small intestinal digestibility of starch in dent corn arepas was close to 96% (total starch basis), whereas the starch in high amylose arepas was poorly digested (68%, total starch basis), as calculated from the fecal recovery of resistant starch in Nebacitin-treated animals. The main resistant starch fraction required solubilization in alkali to render it available to the analytical amylases (nonhydrated fraction). The total amount of resistant starch as well as the nonhydrated starch fraction delivered to the hindgut could be accurately predicted from analysis of starch remnants in an enzymatic gravimetric dietary fiber residue. Resistant starch present in dent corn arepas was fermented 63%, whereas the fermentability of resistant starch from the high amylose product was remarkably low (<11%).

KEY WORDS: • resistant starch • rats • corn • fermentability • starch digestibility

¹ Supported by The Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research (50.177/90) and Cerealia Foundation for Research and Development (166).

² The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 15 October 1992. Revision accepted 26 May 1993.