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Influence of Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D on Colon Epithelial Cell Proliferation and 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats Fed High Fat Diets^1,2,

Mark M. Beaty^*,, Eun Y. Lee^**, and Howard P. Glauert^*,,3

^* Department of Nutrition and Food Science ^** Department of Pathology, A. B. Chandler Hospital, University of Kentucky College of Medicine University of Kentucky College of Medicine Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506

We investigated whether increased levels of dietary calcium and vitamin D could inhibit colon carcinogenesis in rats injected with a single dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Rats were given a single subcutaneous injection (200 mg/kg body wt) 2 wk before they were fed purified diets containing 20% fat for 32 wk. Diets contained one of three levels of calcium (5, 10 or 15 g/kg diet) as calcium gluconate and one of three levels of vitamin D (0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg diet) as cholecalciferol in a 3 x 3 factorial design. Rats receiving the highest level of vitamin D had greater plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D. Autoradiographic examination of [³H]thymidine-treated rats demonstrated that a higher dietary level of calcium as well as higher levels of vitamin D significantly affected cellular kinetic indices. The total tumor incidence and tumor incidence in the distal colon was 45% lower in rats fed the highest level of both calcium and vitamin D compared with the other eight groups, although this decrease was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). The possible importance of these observations is discussed.

KEY WORDS: • colon cancer • 1,2-dimethylhydrazine • calcium • vitamin D • rats

¹ Supported by American Institute for Cancer Research grant 87B45.

² Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station journal article number R15-91-42.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, 212 Funkhouser Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0054.

Manuscript received 2 July 1992. Revision accepted 17 September 1992.

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