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Carbohydrate Intake Determines Pancreatic Acinar Amylase Activity and Release despite Chronic Alcoholemia in Rats^1,2,

Surgical Service, VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97207 and Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201 ^* Alcohol Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Martinez, CA 94553

Adverse effects observed in alcoholic rats are often attributed to alcohol per se. Alcoholic liver damage, however, can be avoided by modulating nutritional factors despite high blood alcohol concentrations. Hence, we examined the effect of blood alcohol concentration on pancreatic enzyme activity and release. Three liquid diets containing 36 and 18% of total energy derived from alcohol and protein, respectively, were fed. Each alcohol diet contained 11, 21 or 31% of energy from carbohydrate, and the fat concentration was appropriately adjusted. The control groups of rats (fed an isoenergetic liquid diet without alcohol) and the alcoholic groups of rats were maintained for 2 wk. The three groups of alcoholic rats consumed 13.3 ± 2.3, 13.3 ± 2.2 and 13.2 ± 1.9 g/kg of alcohol daily, and their corresponding blood alcohol levels were 41.5 ± 4.3, 55.4 ± 8.9 and 44.6 ± 2.2 mmol/L. Pancreatic acinar amylase activity in alcoholic rats was proportional to carbohydrate ingested, despite high blood alcohol concentrations; chymotrypsin and trypsin activities were unchanged. Acinar enzyme activities in control rats were similar. Furthermore, cholecystokinin-octapeptide-stimulated amylase release in alcoholic rats corresponded with the amylase concentration in acini, whereas stimulated trypsin output was unaltered in both control and alcoholic rats. These results demonstrate that neither alcohol ingestion nor high blood alcohol concentration affects the activities of pancreatic proteases and that the changes in the activity and release of amylase are related to the intake of carbohydrate.

KEY WORDS: • alcohol • carbohydrate intake • rats • pancreatic acini • amylase activity

¹ Data presented in part at the American Pancreatic Association meeting, October 31–November 1, 1991, Chicago, IL [Sankaran, H., Deveney, C. W., Larkin, E. C. & Rao, G. A. (1991) Pancreatic enzyme content and secretion in chronic alcoholic rats: insignificant role for high blood alcohol levels. Pancreas 6: 718 (abs.)].

² Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research Service.

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed at Surgical Service (112P), VA Medical Center, P.O. Box 1034, Portland, OR 97207.

Manuscript received 11 December 1991. Revision accepted 29 April 1992.

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