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Neonatal Genetically Lean and Obese Pigs Respond Differently to Dietary Cholesterol^1,2,

USDA-Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030

The impact of cholesterol exposure in early life on later cholesterol metabolism is not clearly understood. Sixteen newborn genetically lean and obese pigs were fed 0 or 5.0 g cholesterol/kg diet (0 or 0.5%) (liquid diets for 12 d, dry diets thereafter) for 33 d, after which they were all fed 10.0 g cholesterol/kg diet (1.0%) for 23 d. All animals were killed on d 56 and whole-body protein, fat and water were determined on the ground carcass. Dietary cholesterol had no consistent effect on growth rates or body composition. Mean fat content of lean pigs was 15.1% compared with 22.7% for obese pigs; corresponding values were 14.8 and 14.4% for protein and 65.5 and 58.3% for water. Concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and A-I were increased by 0.5% dietary cholesterol in obese but not in lean piglets, although dietary cholesterol caused HDL and LDL size distribution profiles to shift toward larger-sized components in both strains. Plasma total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations rose two- to eightfold in all groups after the 1% cholesterol diet was consumed; these changes were accompanied by shifts in LDL and HDL size distribution profiles towards larger-sized components. With 1.0% cholesterol in the diet of all groups, HDL cholesterol concentration increased by 50% in both groups of lean pigs and in obese pigs previously fed cholesterol, but did not increase further in obese pigs previously fed 0.5% cholesterol. The magnitude of the hypercholesterolemic response in lean pigs was blunted by previous exposure to 0.5% dietary cholesterol, but the response was accentuated in obese animals that had been previously exposed to 0.5% dietary cholesterol. These data provide evidence that genetic differences between obese and lean pigs affect their serum lipoprotein responses to high cholesterol intake.

KEY WORDS: • liquid diets • cholesterol • lipoproteins • pigs

¹ Presented in part by the senior author at the Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April 1991, Atlanta, GA [Patterson, B. W., Wong, W. W. & Pond, W. G. (1991) Effects of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoprotein profiles in genetically lean and obese juvenile pigs. FASEB J. 5: A1286 (abs.)].

² This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-1-003. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

³ Current address: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, TX 77550.

Manuscript received 28 October 1991. Revision accepted 14 May 1992.

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