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Adipocyte Insulin Responsiveness in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a Low Fat Diet Containing a Fat-Mimetic Carbohydrate¹

Nutrition Department, Kraft General Foods, Inc., Glenview, IL 60025

Two experiments examined the effects of replacing high fat with low fat diets on adipocyte insulin sensitivity and response. Female Sprague-Dawley rats had free access to diets containing 21% (control), 61% (high fat) or 2% (low fat) of energy as fat. In the low fat diet a carbohydrate-based fat-mimetic carbohydrate replaced all but the essential fat present in the high fat diet. Insulin-stimulated glucose utilization by isolated adipocytes was measured after 10, 30 or 50 d. In a second study adipocyte insulin saturation curves were measured after 36 d. Rats fed the high fat diet for 30 d were insulin resistant and adipocyte basal and insulin-stimulated glucose utilization were depressed. The low fat diet initially stimulated glucose utilization of adipocytes but did not change insulin responsiveness. After 50 d there was no difference in glucose utilization between adipocytes from rats fed control and low fat diets. Insulin resistance in rats fed the high fat diet was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in insulin receptor number. These observations do not exclude the possibility of a post-receptor defect in glucose utilization.

KEY WORDS: • dietary fat • adipocytes • rats • insulin response • fat-mimetic carbohydrate

¹ Data were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April 1991, Atlanta, GA [Harris, R.B.S. (1991) The effects of low-fat diets on rat adipocyte insulin sensitivity. FASEB J. 5: A955 (abs. 3401)].

Manuscript received 2 October 1991. Revision accepted 21 April 1992.