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Energy Expenditure in Rats Maintained with Intravenous or Intragastric Infusion of Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Containing Medium- or Long-Chain Triglyceride Emulsions¹

Department of Nutritional Sciences ^* Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

Energy expenditure was determined in male Fischer 344 rats (235–246 g) fed by intravenous (IV) or intragastric (IG) infusion with total parenteral nutrition solutions providing 65% of nonprotein energy as fat from long-chain triglyceride (LCT) or a 3:1 admixture of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and LCT emulsions. Respiratory gas exchange and somatomotor activity were assessed continuously for 24 h during d 5 and 11 of infusion feeding. The MCT infusion resulted in one-third the weight gain noted with LCT infusion (MCT, 10 ± 2 g/14 d; LCT, 32 ± 4 g/14 d; P < 0.0001). Insulin concentration was 60% higher with IV than with IG infusion and 100% higher with IV-MCT than with IG-MCT or LCT infusion (P < 0.05). Rats receiving IV infusion of MCT displayed similar levels of motor activity but 8–13% greater daily energy expenditure (kJ·kg^-0.75·kJ intake^-1) than rats receiving IG-MCT or LCT infusion (P < 0.05). The MCT infusion also resulted in an elevation in respiratory quotient after cessation of nutrient infusion (MCT, 0.87–0.92; LCT, 0.83–0.85; P < 0.05). Total and resting energy expenditure decreased 13% from 5 to 11 d of infusion feeding. The lower weight gain and greater energy expenditure seen with MCT- compared with LCT-supplemented total parenteral nutrition may be mediated by higher insulin concentrations.

KEY WORDS: • total parenteral nutrition • rats • energy expenditure • lipid emulsion • medium-chain triglyceride

¹ Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant R29 DK42835-01 and by funds from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, project #3096.

² Current address: Tarrytown Tech Center, T22-1, Kraft General Foods, 250 North Street, White Plains, NY 10625.

³ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 10 October 1991. Revision accepted 9 March 1992.

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