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Cholesterol-Lowering in Hamsters Fed Rice Bran at Various Levels, Defatted Rice Bran and Rice Bran Oil^1,2,

Western Regional Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Food Quality Research Unit, Albany, CA 94710

This study was conducted to determine the relative cholesterol-lowering effects of several levels of full-fat rice bran in hamsters. In addition, the separate effects of defatted rice bran and/or crude rice bran oil were investigated at levels equivalent to those present in 43.7% full-fat rice bran. Diets containing 10.9, 21.8, 32.8 or 43.7% full-fat rice bran, 35% defatted rice bran and/or 9% rice bran oil were fed to 4-wk-old male hamsters. All diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 9% fat and 3.2% nitrogen; hypercholesterolemic diets contained 0.3% cholesterol; two diets were cholesterol-free, i.e., 10% cellulose and 43.7% full-fat rice bran. After 21 d, plasma and liver cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and liver weights were significantly greater in hamsters fed the 10% cellulose diet with 0.3% cholesterol compared with those fed the cholesterol-free cellulose diet. In animals fed cholesterol-free diets, plasma cholesterol values were significantly lower in those fed the 43.7% full-fat rice bran diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. In animals fed cholesterol-containing diets, plasma and liver cholesterol were significantly lower in animals fed the 43.7% full-fat rice bran diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. Plasma cholesterol reductions were significantly correlated to the level of rice bran in the diet. In cholesterol-fed hamsters, total liver cholesterol content was significantly lower in those fed the defatted rice bran diet with rice bran oil compared with those fed the cellulose diet. Full-fat rice bran was the only treatment that significantly lowered both plasma and liver cholesterol. Data suggest that recombined defatted rice bran and rice bran oil are not as effective as full-fat rice bran in producing significant cholesterol reductions in hamsters.

KEY WORDS: • cholesterol • fiber • hamsters • lipid metabolism • rice bran

¹ The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.

² Presented in preliminary form at the 1991 annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology [Kahlon, T. S., Sayre, R. N., Chow, F. I., Chiu, M. M. & Betschart, A. A. (1991) The relative effects of rice bran at various levels, defatted rice bran and rice bran oil on plasma and liver cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. FASEB J. 5: A1287 (abs. 5317)].

Manuscript received 9 May 1991. Revision accepted 2 October 1991.