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Effects of Diet Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio and Intake on Energy Metabolism in Growing Beef Heifers: Whole Body Energy and Nitrogen Balance and Visceral Heat Production^1,2,3,

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705

Effects of diet forage-to-concentrate ratio and intake on balances of energy and nitrogen and portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver and kidney blood flow and O₂ consumption were measured in seven growing beef heifers. Isonitrogenous pelleted diets containing approximately 75% alfalfa or 75% concentrate were fed daily as 12 equal meals every 2 h at two isoenergetic metabolizable energy intakes. A split-plot design was used, with 4 wk for adaptation to diet followed by 3-wk intake periods within 6-wk diet periods. Heifers consumed and digested less dry matter, energy and nitrogen when fed the 75% concentrate vs. 75% alfalfa diet at equal metabolizable energy. Heifers fed the 75% concentrate diet produced less heat energy and retained more tissue energy than when fed the 75% alfalfa diet. Blood flow for PDV, liver and kidneys increased with intake and was greater when heifers were fed the 75% alfalfa vs. 75% concentrate diet. Increased PDV and liver O₂ uptake accounted for 44 and 72% of heat increment for the 75% concentrate and 75% alfalfa diets, respectively. Greater PDV uptake of O₂ accounted for 72% of the decrease in tissue energy of heifers fed the 75% alfalfa vs. 75% concentrate diet at equal metabolizable energy.

KEY WORDS: • cattle • energy balance • viscera • blood flow • oxygen

¹ Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.

² Presented in part at the 79th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science at Logan, Utah, August 1987 [Reynolds, C. K. & Tyrrell, H. F. (1987) Effect of diet intake level on net visceral tissue metabolism in growing beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 65 (Suppl. 1): 476] and the 11th European Association of Animal Production Symposium on Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals at Lunteren, Netherlands, September 1988 [Reynolds, C. K. & Tyrrell, H. F. (1989) Effects of forage to concentrate ratio and intake on whole body energy metabolism of growing beef heifers, EAAP Publication No. 43 (van der Honing, Y. & Close, W. H., eds.), pp. 151–154, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Pudoc Wageningen, The Netherlands].

³ Conducted with the approval of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Care Committee.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Building 162, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705.

⁵ Deceased.

Manuscript received 13 June 1990. Revision accepted 13 December 1990.

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