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Regulation of Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Guinea Pigs Mediated by Dietary Fat Quality and Quantity¹

Department of Nutrition and Food Science and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

The effects of dietary fat quality and quantity on regulation of cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism were measured in guinea pigs. The animals were fed 7.5 or 15% (wt/wt) fat diets containing either polyunsaturated corn oil (CO), monounsaturated olive oil (OL) or saturated lard as the fat source. Dietary fat quality had a number of significant effects: animals fed the CO-based diet had lower plasma LDL levels and LDL particles of higher density with decreased ratios of coreto-surface components. Apoprotein B/E receptor-mediated binding of LDL to hepatic membranes was twofold higher for animals fed the CO-based diet. Animals fed the OL-based diet had lower hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity and increased levels of hepatic cholesterol. Hepatic cholesteryl ester levels were lowest for animals fed the lard-based diet. Increasing dietary fat quantity resulted in increased plasma LDL levels and hepatic cholesterol, HMG-CoA reductase activity and receptor affinity for LDL. No changes were observed in LDL binding. These data demonstrate that, independent of dietary fat quantity, CO-based diets lower plasma LDL levels, modify LDL composition and increase hepatic apoprotein B/E receptor number.

KEY WORDS: • fat • apo B/E receptor • HMG-CoA reductase • lipoproteins • guinea pigs

¹ Paper No. 7230 from Agricultural Experiment Station. These studies were supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the American Heart Association, Arizona Affiliate (G-2-15-87), a grant from the National Dairy Council, and funds provided by the University of Arizona Biomedical Research Support Grant Program. MLF is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the American Heart Association, Arizona Affiliate.

Manuscript received 10 May 1990. Revision accepted 26 November 1990.

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