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Effect of Dietary Blackcurrant Seed Oil on Mouse Macrophage Subclasses of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids¹

Department of Animal Science, Molecular and Cell Biology Section, Texas A&M University, and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843-2471

There have been reports that dietary -linolenic acid [18:3(n-6)] and -linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)] are capable of regulating cellular eicosanoid biosynthesis and inflammation. Because the eicosanoid cascade is regulated in part by the distribution of arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] among phospholipid subclasses, the effects of feeding black-currant seed oil [containing 18:3(n-6) and 18:3(n-3)] on the fatty acid composition of diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl subclasses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were studied in mouse peritoneal macrophages. After 4 wk of dietary treatment, the relative distribution (mol %) of macrophage phospholipid classes and subclasses was not altered in animals fed blackcurrant seed oil relative to those fed corn oil [containing linoleic acid, 18:2(n-6)]. Macrophages from blackcurrant seed oil-fed animals had reduced levels of PC diacyl 18:3(n-6), 18:3(n-3), 20:3(n-6), 22:5(n-3), and alkylacyl 20:3(n-6), 22:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). In general, dietary black-currant treatment produced fatty acid alterations in PE subclasses that were similar to those in PC. A major exception, however, was the reduction in 20:4(n-6) levels in all PE subclasses, whereas no effect in PC subclass 20:4(n-6) levels was noted. These findings indicate i) that pronounced differences in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) compositions of macrophage PC and PE subclasses exist following dietary fat manipulation and ii) that 18:3(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) feeding can increase potential anti-flammatory precursor levels of 20:3(n-6) and (n-3) PUFA in the macrophage.

KEY WORDS: • macrophage • blackcurrant seed oil • phospholipids • -linolenic acid • -linolenic acid • mice

¹ This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant DK41693 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Service, project no. H-6983.

Manuscript received 27 November 1989. Revision accepted 12 March 1990.