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Changes in Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract Energy Demands in Response to Physiological Workload in Ruminants^1,2,

Metabolic Laboratory, Animal Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 ^* Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616

Liver and gastrointestinal tract weights (ingesta- and adipose-free) appear to increase or decrease in direct proportion to dietary intake within and across physiological stages of maintenance, growth, fattening or lactation. Liver and gut mass increase 15 and 30 g per unit of liveweight raised to the 0.75 power (Wt^0.75) for each multiple of 500 kJ/Wt^0.75 [1 x maintenance (M)] increase in metabolizable energy (ME) intake, with linearity indicated up to the highest recorded level (4.5 x M). Extrapolation from in vivo arteriovenous O₂ measurements across splanchnic tissues and from the previously cited weight information indicates that liver and gut tissue oxidize 3.5 and 1.0 kJ of ME/g of fresh tissue daily, in contrast to whole-animal rates of 0.1 kJ/g. Thus, energy use by the relatively small amount of liver and gut accounts for 45 to 50% of whole-animal heat energy. On a differential basis, increases in energy use by these tissues appear to account for up to 70% of the heat increment of ME use above maintenance.

KEY WORDS: • energy • visceral organ • ruminants

¹ Presented as part of the 30th Annual Ruminant Nutrition Conference: Influence of Gut Metabolism on Nutrient Supply, given at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, New Orleans, LA, March 19, 1989, and supported by grants from American Cyanamid Company; Cargill, Nutrena Feed Division; Carl S. Akey, Inc.; Monsanto; Pioneer HiBred International, Inc.; Pitman-Moore, Inc.; and SmithKline Beckman Animal Health Products.

² Guest editor for this symposium was K. E. Webb, Jr., Department of Animal Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.

³ Present address: Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.

Manuscript received 25 July 1989. Revision accepted 5 March 1990.

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