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Manipulation of the Functional Activity of the Gut by Dietary and Other Means (Antibiotics/Probiotics) in Ruminants^1,2,

Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom

The mucosa of the gut is some of the most metabolically active tissue in the body. This paper discusses the methodology used to assess enterocyte cell metabolism and nutrient uptake in the reticulorumen and small intestine of ruminant species. Metabolism of volatile fatty acids and glucose by this tissue may limit the availability of essential nutrients to peripheral tissues, and the extent to which this may vary between concentrate-based and forage-based diets is discussed. Factors that affect the development and expression of metabolite uptake by the enterocyte are considered in addition to the influence that manipulation of the microbial flora of the gut by the use of antibiotic growth promoters or probiotics may have upon this process. Data are presented to show that the use of antibiotic compounds in ruminant feeds can influence the rate of cell turnover in the small intestine and the rate of glucose uptake by isolated brush border vesicles.

KEY WORDS: • ruminant • mucosa • metabolism • antibiotics • probiotics

¹ Presented as part of the 30th Annual Ruminant Nutrition Conference: Influence of Gut Metabolism on Nutrient Supply, given at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, New Orleans, LA, March 19, 1989, and supported by grants from American Cyanamid Company; Cargill, Nutrena Feed Division; Carl S. Akey, Inc.; Monsanto; Pioneer HiBred International, Inc.; Pitman-Moore, Inc.; and SmithKline Beckman Animal Health Products.

² Guest editor for this symposium was K. E. Webb, Jr., Department of Animal Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.

Manuscript received 25 July 1989. Revision accepted 5 March 1990.

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