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Relative Folate Bioavailability from Diets Containing Human, Bovine and Goat Milk^1,2,

School of Human Resources and Family Studies and Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801

The present study was designed to determine the relative folate bioavailability from diets containing human, bovine or goat milk and the relative sensitivity of various response criteria used in assessing folate bioavailability. Following a 12-wk depletion period, 16 groups of male rats (n = 5/group) were fed experimental diets with or without 20% milk solids and graded levels of folic acid for 4 wk. Total folates were measured in plasma, erythrocytes, liver and kidney. Bioavailability of dietary folate was determined using slope-ratio statistics. Plasma response was found to be the most sensitive indicator of folate bioavailability based on steepness of slope, goodness of fit (r = 0.96, P < 0.01) and linearity of response over the entire range of folate intakes. Kidney folate concentration also showed a significant linear relationship to total folate intake (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Liver and erythrocyte folate concentrations were not correlated with folate intake (r = 0.33 and r = 0.22, respectively). Using plasma folate as the response criterion, dietary incorporation of human milk significantly enhanced folate bioavailability by 75% (P < 0.01). With kidney as the response tissue, folate bioavailability from diets containing human and bovine milk was significantly enhanced over milk-free diets. These results show that incorporation of human or bovine milk into diets enhances folate bioavailability and that plasma and kidney folate concentrations are sensitive and specific indicators of folate bioavailability.

KEY WORDS: • folate bioavailability • milk • infancy

¹ Supported in part by U.S.D.A. Competitive Grant A84-CRCR-1-1493 and the Illinois Agriculture Experiment Station.

² Presented in part at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology, Las Vegas, NV, May 1988 [SWIATLO, N. L. & PICCIANO, M. F. (1988) Relative folate bioavailability from human, bovine and goat milk containing diets. FASEB J. 2 (5): A1087].

³ Present address: Division of Applied Human Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.

⁴ To whom reprint requests should be sent. Present address: Department of Nutrition, 126 Henderson Building South, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.

Manuscript received 30 June 1989. Revision accepted 25 September 1989.

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