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Effect of Dietary -Linolenic Acid on Growth, Metastasis, Fatty Acid Profile and Prostaglandin Production of Two Murine Mammary Adenocarcinomas^{1 ,2 ,3}

Department of Food Science and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801

The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary (n-3) fatty acids would affect mammary tumor growth and metastasis. Weanling female BALB/c mice were fed diets that contained 10% corn oil (CO), linseed oil (LO) or a fish oil-corn oil mix (FO) for 3–8 wk prior to receiving subcutaneous injections of one of two syngeneic mammary tumor cell types (410 and 410.4). Tumor growth was assessed by monitoring mean tumor diameter and tumor weight upon removal. Feeding LO, but not FO, reduced the growth (p < 0.05) of 410.4 mammary tumors compared with growth in those fed CO. Metastasis data paralleled the tumor growth rate. Feeding LO and FO enhanced (p < 0.005) incorporation of (n-3) fatty acids into tumors. Tumor prostaglandin E (PGE) production was reduced (p < 0.005) by LO and FO, compared with CO. FO feeding reduced 410.4 tumor PGE synthesis more (p < 0.05) than LO feeding, yet tumor growth was only inhibited by LO. These data suggest an inhibitory effect of dietary linolenic acid [i.e., 18:3(n-3)] on mammary tumor growth and metastasis. However, this effect did not directly correlate with diet-induced changes in PGE synthesis.

KEY WORDS: • murine mammary tumors • (n-3) fatty acids • prostaglandin E • linseed oil • fish (menhaden) oil

¹ Presented in part at the 1988 American Oil Chemists' Society meeting, Phoenix, AZ [FRITSCHE, K. L. & JOHNSTON, P. V. (1988) Reduced growth and metastasis of a transplantable syngeneic mammary tumor (410.4) by dietary alpha-linolenic acid. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 65: 509 (abs. Z2)].

² Supported in part by the Science and Education Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture under agreement no. 59-2171-1-1-663-0 from the Competitive Grants Office.

³ Part of a dissertation submitted by Kevin L. Fritsche in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in nutritional sciences.

⁴ Current address: University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Animal Sciences, 110 Animal Sciences Research Center, Columbia, MO 65211.

Manuscript received 22 January 1990. Revision accepted 2 July 1990.

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