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Comparison of Effects of Dietary Glucose versus Fructose During Pregnancy on Fetal Growth and Development in Rats^{1, 2,}

School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X 1C0, Canada

Dietary carbohydrate during pregnancy is essential. Whether this requirement is specific to glucose was investigated. We examined whether fructose at low, intermediate and high levels can substitute for an isoenergetic amount of glucose by feeding graded levels of both carbohydrates (0, 4, 12, 60%) in a triglyceride-based diet throughout pregnancy. It was concluded that the carbohydrate requirement for the rat during pregnancy is not specific to glucose and that the level, not the type, of carbohydrate was critical (experiment 1). A second aspect of the study (experiment 2) was the comparison of isoenergetic, low carbohydrate diets containing different sources of 4% glucose equivalents: glucose, fructose or lipid-glycerol. Fructose and lipid-glycerol were not equivalent substitutes for glucose in the pregnant rat dam at these very low intakes.

KEY WORDS: • pregnancy • glucose • fructose • lipid-glycerol • rat

¹ Presented in part at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, New Orleans, LA [KOSKI, K. G. & FERGUSSON, M. A. (1989) Dietary requirements for carbohydrate: glucose versus fructose. FASEB J. 3: A765 (abs.)].

² The financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC #A3623) is gratefully acknowledged.

³ M. A. Fergusson was the recipient of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council Postgraduate Research Scholarship.

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Manuscript received 19 December 1989. Revision accepted 17 May 1990.