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Alteration of Gastrointestinal Mucin by Fiber Feeding in Rats^{1, 2,}

Subramaniam Satchithanandam^*,3, Mary Vargofcak-Apker^**,4, Richard J. Calvert^*, Anthony R. Leeds and Marie M. Cassidy^**

^* Food and Drug Administration, Division of Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204 ^** George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Washington, DC 20037 University of London, Kings College, Department of Nutrition, London W8 7AH, England

Alterations in gastrointestinal mucin induced by dietary fiber may affect nutrient bioavailability, cytoprotection of the mucosa or other aspects of gastrointestinal function. To allow quantitative study of gastrointestinal mucin, a polyclonal antibody to the mucin of the rat small intestine was produced by injecting rabbits with a high-molecular-weight subfraction (MW 2 x 10⁶) of purified mucin glycoprotein derived from rat intestinal mucin. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed and used for the mucin assay. Three groups of male Wistar rats consumed 5% guar gum, 5% citrus fiber or a fiber-free control diet ad libitum for 4 wk. After an overnight fast, luminal and tissue mucin antibody reactivities were determined in the rat stomach, colon and small intestine. In all groups, total (luminal and tissue) mucin reactivity was greater in the small intestine than in the colon or stomach. The group fed 5% citrus fiber had significantly greater mucin reactivity in luminal samples from stomach and intestine than did the fiber-free control group. Fiber-induced increments in gastrointestinal mucin production or availability may be responsible for several reported consequences of fiber feeding, such as more rapid transit times and delayed or impaired nutrient absorption.

KEY WORDS: • mucin • dietary fiber • glycoprotein • ELISA • rats

¹ The studies reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Institutes of Health Pub. No. 85-23.

² Presented in part at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Las Vegas, NV, 1988 [SATCHITHANANDAM, S., CALVERT, R. J., LEEDS, A. R. & CASSIDY, M. M. (1988) Chronic fiber feeding alters gastrointestinal mucin. FASEB J. 2(4): A733 (abs. 2536)].

³ Author to whom reprint requests should be addressed.

⁴ Present address: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061.

Manuscript received 20 June 1989. Revision accepted 6 April 1990.

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