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Contribution of Several Amino Acids and Lactate to Gluconeogenesis in Hepatocytes Isolated from Rats Fed Various Diets

Department of Physiological Science, Veterinary Medicine School, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 and^* Lab of Animal Physiology, Science School, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece

The contribution under various nutritional regimens of several amino acids and lactate to gluconeogenesis was estimated by measuring the glucose formation from ¹⁴C-labeled substrates. Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated for 60 min in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer pH 7.4 containing lactate, pyruvate and all the amino acids at concentrations similar to their physiological levels found in rat plasma, with one precursor labeled in each flask. In all conditions, lactate was the major glucose precursor, providing over 60% of the glucose formed. Glutamine and alanine were the major amino acid precursors of glucose, contributing 9.8% and 10.6% of the glucose formed, respectively, in hepatocytes isolated from starved rats. Serine, glycine and threonine also contributed to gluconeogenesis in the starved liver cells at 2.6, 2.1 and 3.8%, respectively, of the glucose formed. The rate of glucose formation from the isolated hepatocytes of the starved rats and those fed either high protein or high fat was higher than that from rats fed a nonpurified diet.

KEY WORDS: • gluconeogenesis • hepatocytes • amino acid metabolism • high protein diet • high fat diet • starvation

Manuscript received 20 June 1989. Revision accepted 14 September 1989.

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