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Effect of Newcastle Disease Virus Infection on Vitamin A Metabolism in Chickens

S. Reinder Sijtsma^*,,, Clive E. West^*, Jan H. W. M. Rombout and Akke J. Van Der Zijpp

^* Department of Human Nutrition Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology Department of Animal Husbandry, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

The effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV, La Sota strain) infection on vitamin A metabolism was investigated in chickens maintained on normal or marginal vitamin A intake. NDV, a virus of the Paramyxoviridae family that primarily affects epithelial tissue, was administered at 4 wk of age. Plasma levels of retinol, retinol-binding protein and, to a lesser extent, transthyretin were found to be significantly lower during both the acute and postacute phases of infection in chickens fed a diet marginally deficient in vitamin A compared to noninfected birds fed the same diet, while vitamin A content in liver was unaffected. However, in chickens fed adequate vitamin A, NDV infection did not influence the parameters measured. Levels of retinol-binding protein in liver were significantly increased by inadequate vitamin A nutriture, but infection partly reduced this increase. The results suggest that the reduced vitamin A status in marginally vitamin A-deficient chickens infected with NDV can be attributed to a combination of a direct effect of the virus on retinol-binding protein metabolism in liver and an increased rate of utilization and catabolism of retinol and retinol-binding protein by extrahepatic tissues.

KEY WORDS: • marginal vitamin A deficiency • Newcastle disease virus infection • retinol-binding protein • transthyretin • chickens

Manuscript received 7 September 1988. Revision accepted 2 March 1989.

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