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The Effect of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Liver Retinyl Ester (Vitamin A Ester) Composition in the Rat^1,2,3,

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 ^* Department of Nutrition ^** Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616

The dependence of liver retinyl ester (vitamin A ester) composition on dietary fatty acid composition was studied in rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified test diets containing 8% of one of 10 test triglycerides (either tributyrin, tricaproin, tricaprylin, tricaprin, trilaurin, trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin, triolein, trilinolein) or corn oil (a mixed triglyceride) for 23 d after an initial 1-wk stabilization period. Essential fatty acids were provided by safflower oil (8 g/kg diet). Total liver fatty acid composition showed the expected responses to dietary fatty acid intake; short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids were readily elongated to palmitate and stearate, and palmitate and stearate were readily desaturated. Consumption of oleate or linoleate (as their triglycerides) markedly enriched their concentrations in liver lipids. The proportions of palmitate were generally greater in liver retinyl esters than in total liver fatty acids, and the proportions of oleate were less. However, retinyl ester composition was significantly affected by dietary triglyceride, particularly by diets providing long-chain fatty acids. Total liver vitamin A levels were depressed in the group fed trilinolein.

KEY WORDS: • triglyceride • retinyl ester composition • vitamin A ester composition

¹ Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April, 1986, St. Louis, MO [FURR, H. C., CLIFFORD, A. J., SMITH, L. M. & OLSON, J. A. (1986) The dependence of liver retinyl ester composition on dietary triglycerides. Fed. Proc. 45: 710 (abs.)].

² Supported by United States Department of Agriculture, Competitive Research Grant No. 84-CRCR-1-1418, by National Institutes of Health Grant No. DR-32793, by the Greater Los Angeles affiliate of the American Heart Association and by Hatch grants 3321, 2850, 1030 and 4343-RR from the Agriculture Experiment Station, U. C. Davis.

³ Journal Paper number J-13188 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA, Project No. 2534.

Manuscript received 2 September 1988. Revision accepted 5 December 1988.