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Effect of Various Intakes of Phylloquinone on Signs of Vitamin K Deficiency and Serum and Liver Phylloquinone Concentrations in the Rat¹

Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

The relationship between dietary phylloquinone, serum and liver concentrations of phylloquinone, and various indices of vitamin K adequacy have been studied in male rats fed a purified diet containing various levels of phylloquinone. In excess of 500 µg phylloquinone/kg diet was needed to prevent the most sensitive signs of vitamin K deficiency. Liver phylloquinone concentrations were shown to be correlated with dietary phylloquinone intake. Serum phylloquinone was not correlated with either diet or liver concentration of phylloquinone and did not increase with increased dietary intake until the liver contained sufficient vitamin to maintain optimal synthesis of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Because of the rapid loss of vitamin from the liver, prior ingestion of a high level of vitamin K had little influence on liver vitamin K concentrations beyond the first 2 d of a deficient period. When rats consumed a diet containing 500 µg phylloquinone/kg diet in 3 h, liver and serum phylloquinone concentrations fluctuated drastically following this feeding period. During the subsequent 24-h period, liver phylloquinone concentrations decreased to a level that would not support maximal activity of the hepatic vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin K • phylloquinone requirement

¹ This research was supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and in part by grants DK-14881 and HL-29586 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and CRCR-1-1415 from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

² Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 3066 Malott Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045.

Manuscript received 26 January 1988. Revision accepted 14 September 1988.

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