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Upper Limits of Zinc, Copper and Manganese in Infant Formulas^1,2,

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80262

Upper limits are proposed for zinc, copper and manganese in infant formulas. At these limits intakes would be lower than would intakes shown to be associated with toxicity, but the upper limits of an entirely safe range of intake remain uncertain. The proposed limits provide a considerable margin beyond normal nutritional requirements, and it is not recommended that formulas should typically contain these quantities. The proposed upper limits (per 100 kcal) are 1.5 mg of zinc, 200 µg of copper and 50 µg of manganese.

KEY WORDS: • zinc • copper • manganese • infant formulas • concentrations • upper limits

¹ This paper was presented at a symposium, "Upper Limits of Nutrients in Infant Formulas," November 7–8, 1988, in Iowa City, IA.

² Supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, NIADDKD, 5R22 AM12432, and grant RR-69 from National Institutes of Health, General Clinical Research Center.

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