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Effect of Low Zinc Intake on Absorption and Excretion of Zinc by Infants Studied with ⁷⁰Zn as Extrinsic Tag^{1 ,2}

Ekhard E. Ziegler^*, Robert E. Serfass, Steven E. Nelson^*, Reinaldo Figueroa-Colón^*, Barbara B. Edwards^*, Robert S. Houk and Joseph J. Thompson

^* Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Iowa State University Ames Laboratory-U.S. Dept. of Energy and Dept. of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

The effect of low dietary intake of zinc was studied in six normal infants with the use of ⁷⁰Zn as an extrinsic tag. Of the two study formulas, one provided a zinc intake similar to that of customary infant formulas ("high" intake), whereas the other provided a "low" zinc intake. Two zinc absorption studies were performed with each formula (sequence: high-low-low-high). Extrinsically labeled formula was fed for 24 h and excreta were collected for 72 h. Zinc isotope ratios were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). When zinc intake was high, net zinc absorption was 9.1 ± 8.7% (mean ± SD) of intake and net zinc retention was 74 ± 91 µg/(kg · d). True zinc (⁷⁰Zn) absorption was 16.8 ± 5.8% of intake and fecal excretion of endogenous zinc was 78 ± 56 µg/(kg · d). When zinc intake was low, net absorption of zinc increased significantly (P < 0.001) to 26.0 ± 13.0% of intake, but net retention was not significantly different at 42 ± 33 µg/(kg · d). True absorption of zinc also increased significantly (P < 0.001) to 41.1 ± 7.8% of intake, whereas fecal endogenous zinc decreased (P < 0.05) to 34 ± 16 µg/(kg · d) during low zinc intake. Thus, infants maintain zinc balance in the face of low zinc intake through increased efficiency of absorption and decreased excretion of endogenous zinc.

KEY WORDS: • zinc • low intake • human infant • stable isotope • absorption • excretion

¹ Supported by U.S. Public Health Service grant HD 07578 and by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Competitive Grant 86-CRCR-1-2082, and by the Director of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Dept. of Energy. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract No. W-7405-Eng-82.

² Journal Paper No. J-13206 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA; Project No. 2800.

Manuscript received 30 August 1988. Revision accepted 3 May 1989.

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