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Effect of Bovine Somatotropin on Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows: Influence on Rates of Irreversible Loss and Oxidation of Glucose and Nonesterified Fatty Acids^1,2,3,

Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 ^* Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705

Effects of bovine somatotropin (bST) on irreversible loss rate (ILR) and oxidation rate of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were examined. Nine lactating cows received bST or excipient in a single reversal design using 14-d periods. Kinetic variables were estimated by compartmental analysis of blood metabolite and expired CO₂ specific activity values obtained during infusion of [U-¹⁴C]glucose or [1-¹⁴C]palmitate. With bST treatment, milk energy yield increased by 31% but feed intake was unchanged. Blood glucose concentrations were not affected by treatment or correlated with any glucose kinetic variables. In the control period, glucose ILR was 12.1 mol/d with 66.5% utilized for milk lactose synthesis and 17.4% oxidized to CO₂. Treatment with bST increased glucose ILR (+ 1.5 mol/d) and reduced glucose oxidation (-0.4 mol/d); this accommodated the additional glucose (+1.3 mol/d) required for the increase in lactose secretion. Increases in milk energy yield with bST treatment caused cows to be in a substantial negative net energy balance (-9.8 Mcal/d). No acute lipolytic response occurred with bST treatment, but plasma NEFA were chronically elevated (+ 104 µmol/L) and NEFA ILR increased (+ 2.3 mol/d). Increased NEFA turnover was primarily used for increased oxidation to CO₂ (+ 0.5 mol/d) and 41% increase in milk fat (equal to approximately 1.3 mol fatty acids/d). For NEFA, plasma concentrations were correlated with ILR (r = +0.80), oxidation to CO₂ (r = +0.74) and net energy balance (r = -0.78). Overall, bST resulted in an exquisite coordination of metabolism to meet nutrient needs for increased synthesis of milk components.

KEY WORDS: • somatotropin • lactation • glucose • nonesterified fatty acids • kinetics

¹ Supported in part by Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, the National Science Foundation (PCM 8108130), the Upjohn Company, American Cyanamid Company and Monsanto Agricultural Company.

² Presented in part at the 77th Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, June 1982, at Pennsylvania State University [J. Dairy Sci. 65 (Suppl. 1): 120 (abs.), 1982] and in a review by Peel and Bauman (J. Dairy Sci. 70: 474–486, 1982).

³ Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.

⁴ Present address: Monsanto Europe S.A., Avenue de Tervuren 270–272, 1150 Brussels, Belgium.

⁵ Present address: Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071.

⁶ Deceased.

⁷ Present address: 52 Derby Road, Draycott, Derbyshire, England DE7 3W1.

Manuscript received 3 December 1987. Revision accepted 15 March 1988.

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