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Effect of Dietary Selenium on the Primary and Secondary Immune Response in Calves Challenged with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus^1,2,3,

Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621

The present study was conducted to determine if a selenium deficiency affects the primary and secondary humoral immune response of calves challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and to evaluate changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and creatine phosphokinase activities associated with selenium deficiency and viral stress. Treatments included 1) + Se (0.2 mg/kg diet) and 2) -Se (0.03 mg/kg diet). Calves were adapted to their assigned diets during an 84-d depletion period. By d 42 of the depletion period, whole-blood GSH-Px was lower for -Se calves than for +Se calves. Differences between treatments in plasma GSH-Px were observed by d 14. On d 84, Se-dependent GSH-Px activity in liver was higher in +Se calves. After depletion of -Se calves, animals in both treatments were intranasally inoculated with IBRV on d 0 and 35 of the 70-d challenge phase. Whole-blood and plasma GSH-Px increased after IBRV inoculation in +Se calves but not in Se-deficient calves. Serum IgM was higher for +Se calves throughout the challenge phase. Serum IgM increased in both treatments after primary IBRV inoculation but was unaffected by secondary challenge. Serum IgG was not affected by selenium status but increased in both treatments after secondary IBRV challenge. Serum IBRV antibody titers increased after inoculation on d 0 and 35. By d 49, IBRV antibody titers were higher for +Se calves than in Sedeficient calves. These results indicate that selenium deficiency may depress the immune response of calves challenged with a foreign pathogen.

KEY WORDS: • selenium • immune response • infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus • calves

¹ Paper No. 11334 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27601. Use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service or criticism of similar products not mentioned.

² Supported in part by U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant No. 82-CRSR-2-1054.

³ Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, March 29–April 3, 1987, Washington, DC [Reffett, J. K., Spears, J. W. & Brown, T. T., Jr. (1987) Primary and secondary immune responses of selenium deficient calves challenged with IBR virus. Fed. Proc. 46:1154 (abs.)].

⁴ Address reprint requests to J. W. Spears, Department of Animal Science, Box 7621, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621.

Manuscript received 8 July 1987. Revision accepted 22 October 1987.