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Soluble Oat Fiber Tends to Normalize Lipoprotein Composition in Cholesterol-Fed Rats^1,2,

Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706

The effect of oat fiber on VLDL, LDL and HDL composition was investigated by feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats diets containing 1.0% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid, and 6% dietary fiber from oat bran, high-fiber oat flour or a processed oat product for 20 d. Compared to cholesterol-fed cellulose controls, all oat fibers altered the response to cholesterol feeding as indicated by 25–45% lower total lipoprotein cholesterol, 40–60% lower VLDL + LDL cholesterol, and 25–40% higher HDL cholesterol contents, P < 0.01. The effect of the oat fibers on VLDL composition was especially pronounced as demonstrated by 30–65% lower VLDL protein, VLDL apo E and plasma apo B concentrations. The processed oat product which contained 40% more soluble fiber than oat bran or oat flour normalized the lipoprotein profile associated with ingestion of the atherogenic diet significantly more than oat bran or oat flour. Concentration of total lipoprotein cholesterol and distribution of apo E among the VLDL and LDL fractions in the processed oat product group were similar to controls not fed cholesterol. These data indicate that ingestion of oat fiber tends to normalize the lipoprotein profile induced by feeding an atherogenic diet in the rat, and that the hypocholesterolemic effect of oat fiber is associated with its soluble fiber content.

KEY WORDS: • oat fiber • cholesterol • VLDL • LDL • HDL • apolipoprotein E

¹ Supported in part by the Quaker Oats Company, Barrington, IL, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Graduate School, Biomedical Research Support Grant, the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, #3096, and National Institutes of Health Grant No. DK-21712.

² Part of this work was published as an abstract: Ney, D. M., Lasekan, J. B. & Shinnick, F. L. (1988) Ingestion of oat fiber alters VLDL composition and reduces presence of HDL_c in cholesterol-fed rats. FASEB J. 2(6): A1619 (abs. 7680).

³ Author to whom reprint requests should be addressed.

Manuscript received 25 April 1988. Revision accepted 21 July 1988.

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