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Kinetics of Metabolism of Glucose, Propionate and CO₂ in Steers as Affected by Injecting Phlorizin and Feeding Propionate¹

Nutritional Physiology Section, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

Effects of injecting phlorizin subcutaneously and/or feeding propionate on metabolism of glucose, propionate and CO₂ were determined for four steers used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Isotope dilution techniques were used to determine a four-pool kinetic solution for the flux of carbon among plasma glucose, rumen propionate, blood CO₂ and rumen CO₂. Injecting 1 g of phlorizin twice daily for 19 d resulted in 7.1 mol glucose C/d being excreted in urine. The basal glucose production of 13.4 mol C/d was increased to 17.9 mol C/d with phlorizin. There was no change in glucose oxidation or propionate production. The percentage of plasma glucose derived from propionate was unaffected by phlorizin, but 54 ± 0.4% of total propionate was converted to plasma glucose during phlorizin treatment versus 40 ± 0.6% during the basal treatment. When propionate was fed (18.3 mol C/d) glucose production increased to 21.2 mol C/d from the basal value of 13.4 mol C/d, and propionate oxidation to CO₂ increased to 14.9 mol C/d from the basal value of 4.1 mol C/d. Glucose derived from propionate was 43 ± 5% for the basal treatment and 67 ± 3% during propionate feeding. The percentage of propionate converted to plasma glucose and blood and rumen CO₂ was not affected by feeding propionate. An increased need for glucose, because of glucose excretion during phlorizin treatment, caused an increased utilization of propionate for gluconeogenesis, but an increased availability of propionate caused an increase in glucose production without affecting the relative distribution of carbon from propionate.

KEY WORDS: • glucose • propionate • CO₂ • kinetics • steers • phlorizin

¹ Journal paper no. J-12731 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, project no. 2506. Supported in part by funds provided by a grant from Eli Lilly and Co. Data are taken from a thesis submitted to Iowa State University by J. J. V. to partly fulfill requirements for the M.S. degree. A preliminary paper was presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association 1983 J. Dairy Sci (Suppl. 1) 66: 219–220 (Abs.).

² Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602.

³ Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.

Manuscript received 24 July 1987. Revision accepted 23 June 1988.

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