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Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency during Pregnancy in the Rat: Influence of Dietary Carbohydrates1

Philippe Cardot, Jean Chambaz2, Ginette Thomas, Yves Rayssiguier* and Gilbert Bereziat

Equipe de Recherche sur le Métabolisme et le Rôle des Lipides Membranaires et des Acides Gras Essentiels (CNRS UA 524) CHU Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France * Laboratoire des Maladies Métaboliques (INRA) Theix, Saint-Genes Champanelle, 63110 Beaumont, France

We investigated the role of gestation in the development of essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency by comparing four groups of nonpregnant rats and four groups of pregnant rats fed either glucose or sucrose as carbohydrate source (61.5% kJ) and either corn oil (EFA) or hydrogenated coconut oil [saturated fat (SF)] as fat source (5% kJ). Pregnancy was a crucial period for the onset of EFA deficiency in sucrose-fed rats. The arachidonic acid content of plasma lipids and liver microsomes was lower in SF-sucrose pregnant rats than in SF-sucrose nonpregnant rats. The liver microsome {Delta}6- and {Delta}5-desaturase activities were higher in sucrose pregnant rats than in sucrose nonpregnant rats. In glucose-fed rats the EFA deficiency was less severe. {Delta}6 - and {Delta}5-desaturase activities were higher in SF-glucose rats than in EFA-glucose rats, except for {Delta}5-desaturase of the pregnant rats, in which activity was high in both glucose-fed groups. This might explain the effect of glucose in preventing the onset of EFA-deficiency in pregnant rats fed an SF diet.

KEY WORDS: • EFA deficiency • gestation • sucrose • rat

1 Supported by Grant CRE 837002 from the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale.

2 To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be sent.

Manuscript received 12 May 1986. Revision accepted 26 May 1987.






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