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Lymphocyte Activation, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Their Relationship to Dietary Fat-Enhanced Mammary Tumorigenesis in C3H/OUJ Mice^1,2,

Lisa M. Olson^*, Steven K. Clinton^*,3, Jeffrey I. Everitt^,4, Patricia V. Johnston and Willard J. Visek^*,5

^* Nutrition and Metabolism Section, College of Medicine Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

The effects of dietary soybean oil (SBO) concentration (5 vs. 20% by weight) on mammary tumorigenesis, mitogen-induced blastogenesis, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and serum and lymphocyte fatty acid composition were studied in C3H/OUJ female mice. Weanling mice fed 20% SBO for 9 mo had a higher incidence (89 vs. 65%) and greater average size (2.9 vs. 1.9 g) of mammary tumor virus type S breast tumors than mice fed 5% SBO. The response of isolated splenocytes to the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin was 20–25% lower in mice fed 20% SBO than in mice fed 5% SBO for 20 wk. There was no effect of SBO concentration on the splenocyte response to lipopolysaccharide E55:B5, a B-cell mitogen, or to pokeweed mitogen, and B- and T-cell mitogen. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to allogenic P815 tumor cells was 20% lower in mice fed 20% SBO than in mice fed 5% SBO for 12 wk. The lower cell-mediated immunity associated with 20% SBO was not due to changes in the fatty acid composition of the two major splenocyte membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. However, serum levels of linoleic acid were higher in mice fed 20% SBO. Ralsing dietary SBO from 5 to 20% by weight was associated with increased mammary tumorigenesis, reduced T-cell blastogenesis and lower cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

KEY WORDS: • dietary fat • breast cancer • cell-mediated immunity • mice • soybean oil • splenocytes

¹ Supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Grant Nos. CA-29629 and CA-23326.

² Olson, L. M., Clinton, S. K. & Visek, W. J. (1983) Soybean oil (SBO) and the immune response in C3H/OUJ mice. Fed Proc. 42: 1186 (abs. 5240); Olson, L. M. & Visek, W. J. (1985) Dietary fat and T-cell cytotoxicity in C3H/OUJ mice. Fed. Proc. 44: 1515 (abs. 6457).

³ Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

⁴ Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

⁵ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

Manuscript received 2 June 1986. Revision accepted 12 December 1986.