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Rapid Induction of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency by Intragastric Infusion of Triolein-Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions: Evidence of Increased Hepatic Cholesterol Esterification in the Rat^1,2,

Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616

Rats were fed linoleic acid from a safflower oil emulsion or triolein-supplemented total parenteral nutrition solutions by continuous intragastric infusion for 7 and 14 d. Biochemical signs of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) developed in rats supplemented with triolein compared with those receiving linoleic acid, and the relationship between hepatic cholesterol esterification and the distribution of free cholesterol in plasma lipoproteins was investigated in the EFAD and control animals. Results indicate that hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol ester content are greater and plasma levels of TG and cholesterol are lower in triolein-supplemented groups. Hepatic accumulation of cholesterol esters is associated with an increase in hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyitransferase activity and also with plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which contain a greater proportion of cholesterol esters. These data suggest that EFAD can be rapidly induced with continuous intragastric feeding and that hepatic accumulation of cholesterol esters and enrichment of VLDL and HDL with cholesterol esters are early indicators of EFAD in the rat.

KEY WORDS: • essential fatty acids • intragastric feeding • acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase • cholesterol esterification

¹ This work has been supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant AM-20446.

² Some of this work has been published as an abstract. NEY, D. M., ZIBOH, V. A. & SCHNEEMAN, B. O. (1986) Increased hepatic cholesterol esterification with essential fatty acid deficiency: relationship to lipoprotein cholesterol content. Fed. Proc. 45: 587.

³ Present address: Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1415 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

Manuscript received 26 August 1986. Revision accepted 25 November 1986.