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Effect of Maternal Dietary Linoleic Acid and trans-Octadecenoic Acid on the Fatty Acid Composition and Prostaglandin Content of Rat Milk^1,2,3,

Department of Nutrition and Foods, Home Economics Research, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, AL 36849

The effects of seven levels of dietary linoleic acid (18:2), with and without trans-octadecenoic acid (18:1t), on the fatty acid composition and prostaglandin content of milk were investigated in lactating rat dams. At parturition, 14 groups of 4 rats each were fed diets containing 20% fat, with mixtures of coconut and safflower oils providing seven concentrations of 18:2 ranging from 3.6 ± 0.5 to 44.5 + 2.3% of total fatty acids. Hydrogenated soybean oil was added such that 18:1t comprised 10.3 ± 0.3% of total fatty acids. Milk samples were collected on day 12 postpartum for prostaglandin analyses and on day 16 for fatty acid analyses. The relationship of dietary 18:2 to milk 18:2 was linear (r = 0.98; P = 0.0001), with milk 18:2 ranging from 2.6 ± 0.1% of total fatty acids at the lowest level of dietary 18:2 to 27.9 ± 1.6% at the highest. Milk 18:1t was highly correlated (r = 0.99; P = 0.0001) with the amount of dietary 18:1t. In rats fed hydrogenated fat, milk 18:1t averaged 7.0 ± 0.2% of total fatty acids. Transfer from diet to milk was 46.4 ± 4.2% for 18:2 and 37.5 ± 1.7% for 18:1t. Mean concentrations of prostaglandin F₂ and E in rat milk were 269 ± 16 pg/mL and 477 ± 24 pg/mL, respectively. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of either prostaglandin relative to 18:1t consumption at any level of 18:2.

KEY WORDS: • prostaglandins • hydrogenated fat • rat milk • fatty acids • trans-octadecenoic acid • linoleic acid

¹ Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Journal article no. 10-86995.

² This work was supported by funds from the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA Competitive Research Grants Office.

³ From the thesis of M. A. Wickwire in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree. A preliminary report of these data was presented at the 1980 Federation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology meetings in Anaheim, CA. Wickwire, M. A., Craig-Schmidt, M. C. & Weete, J. D. (1980) Effect of maternal dietary linoleic acid and trans-fatty acids on rat milk fat composition. Fed. Proc. 39, 342.

⁴ Present address: Maternal and Infant Care Program, Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital, 72 Hermitage Ave., Nashville, TN 37210.

⁵ Person to whom reprint requests should be directed.

⁶ Department of Botany and Microbiology, Auburn University, AL 36849.

⁷ Present address: 2335 Chandabrook Dr., Pelham, AL 35124.

Manuscript received 15 April 1986. Revision accepted 3 September 1986.