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Binding of Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Lectin to the Intestinal Cells of the Rat and Its Effect on the Absorption of Glucose

Department of Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

The main objectives of this investigation were to study the binding of a lectin from navy beans with the epithelial cells of the rat intestine and to assess the effect of such binding on the ability of the intestine to absorb glucose. A Scatchard plot, based on the binding of ¹²⁵I-labeled lectin to isolated intestinal epithelial cells, was used to calculate an association constant (K_a) of 15 x 10⁶M^-1 and the number of binding sites per cell, 12 x 10⁶. Metabolic studies were conducted over a period of 5 d on groups of rats fed raw or autoclaved navy bean flour and casein with or without the purified lectin. Growth, protein digestibility, biological value and net protein utilization were significantly lower in animals that had been fed raw navy bean flour or casein plus lectin than in control groups fed diets containing autoclaved navy bean flour or casein alone. Vascular perfusion was used to measure the rate of uptake of glucose by the intestines of rats that had received the various dietary treatments. The rate of absorption of [¹⁴C]glucose by intestines from rats fed raw navy bean flour or casein plus lectin was approximately one-half that of their counterparts fed the autoclaved flour or casein alone. These results provide evidence that the lectin, by virtue of its interference with intestinal absorption, is responsible, at least in part, for the nutritional inferiority of raw navy beans.

KEY WORDS: • lectins • navy beans • intestinal binding • absorption

¹ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

² Present address: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.

Manuscript received 2 June 1987. Revision accepted 20 August 1987.