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Effect of Dietary Protected Lipids on the Essential Fatty Acid Status of the Newborn Kid¹

College of Agriculture, Lisbon Technical University, 1399 Lisboa Codex, Portugal

Pregnant goats were fed either a control diet or one in which part of the concentrate ration was replaced, for either the last 2 mo or the last month of gestation, with a polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement protected from biohydrogenation in the rumen. On the day of parturition, goats fed a supplemented diet, during either 1 or 2 mo before parturition, exhibited markedly higher concentrations of linoleic acid in the major plasma lipid fractions, i.e., phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols and nonesterified fatty acids, than did goats not fed the supplement. At birth, the four main lipid fractions in the plasma of the kids from goats fed the supplemented diet, during either 1 or 2 mo before parturition, exhibited considerably higher proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acid and lower proportions of eicosatrienoic acid than did those of newborn kids from unsupplemented mothers. These findings show appreciable transfer of lipids across the placenta and demonstrate that the low essential fatty acids status of kids at birth can be raised by this particular manipulation of the maternal diet.

KEY WORDS: • protected polyunsaturated lipids • goat • newborn kid • essential fatty acid status • plasma

¹ From a thesis submitted by the author in partial fullfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree, Lisbon Technical University, 1985.

Manuscript received 21 October 1985. Revision accepted 12 March 1986.